mou もう
Adverb meaning: already, yet, have already begun to (do), (not) any more, soon, by now, another, more.
1. Used with past form of verb
もう仕事を終えました。
Mou shigoto o oemashita.
I have already finished the work.
「彼女はもう来ましたか。」「いいえ、まだです。」
''Kanojo wa mou kimashita ka.'' ''Iie, mada desu.''
''Has she come yet.'' ''No, not yet.''
もうできたんですか。
Mou dekita n desu ka.
Have you finished it already?
2. In negative sentence
もう待てません。
Mou matemasen.
I can't wait any more.
冷蔵庫にはもう何も食べるものがありません。
Reizouko ni wa mou nani mo taberu mono ga arimasen.
There is nothing more to eat in the refrigerator.
3. Used with progressive form
マイクはもう到着しています。
Maiku wa mou touchaku shite imasu.
Mike has already arrived.
4. Used with progressive form + deshou
(expressing assumptions about present actions)
山田さんはもう駅に着いているでしょう。
Yamada-san wa mou eki ni tsuite iru deshou.
Mr. Yamada has probably arrived at the station by now.
(ta-form of verb may replace the prgressive form)
山田さんはもう駅に着いたでしょう。
Yamada-san wa mou eki ni tsuita deshou.
5. Expressing length of time, used with ni naru
日本に来てもう三年になります。
Nihon ni kite mou san nen ni narimasu.
It has already been three years since I came to Japan.
6. In future sentence
彼女はもう準備ができるでしょう。
Kanojo wa mou junbi ga dekiru deshou.
She will be ready soon.
もう夜中になります。
Mou yonaka ni narimasu.
It will soon be midnight.
7. Before number + counter
父はもう二三日で帰ります。
Chichi wa mou ni san nichi de kaerimasu.
My father will be back in another two or three days.
もう一度見に行きたいですね。
Mou ichido mi ni ikitai desu ne.
I want to go and see it again.
もう一杯コーヒーを飲みたいですね。
Mou ippai koohii o nomitai desu ne.
I'd like to have another cup of coffee.
-> See also mada
もう仕事を終えました。
Mou shigoto o oemashita.
I have already finished the work.
「彼女はもう来ましたか。」「いいえ、まだです。」
''Kanojo wa mou kimashita ka.'' ''Iie, mada desu.''
''Has she come yet.'' ''No, not yet.''
もうできたんですか。
Mou dekita n desu ka.
Have you finished it already?
2. In negative sentence
もう待てません。
Mou matemasen.
I can't wait any more.
冷蔵庫にはもう何も食べるものがありません。
Reizouko ni wa mou nani mo taberu mono ga arimasen.
There is nothing more to eat in the refrigerator.
3. Used with progressive form
マイクはもう到着しています。
Maiku wa mou touchaku shite imasu.
Mike has already arrived.
4. Used with progressive form + deshou
(expressing assumptions about present actions)
山田さんはもう駅に着いているでしょう。
Yamada-san wa mou eki ni tsuite iru deshou.
Mr. Yamada has probably arrived at the station by now.
(ta-form of verb may replace the prgressive form)
山田さんはもう駅に着いたでしょう。
Yamada-san wa mou eki ni tsuita deshou.
5. Expressing length of time, used with ni naru
日本に来てもう三年になります。
Nihon ni kite mou san nen ni narimasu.
It has already been three years since I came to Japan.
6. In future sentence
彼女はもう準備ができるでしょう。
Kanojo wa mou junbi ga dekiru deshou.
She will be ready soon.
もう夜中になります。
Mou yonaka ni narimasu.
It will soon be midnight.
7. Before number + counter
父はもう二三日で帰ります。
Chichi wa mou ni san nichi de kaerimasu.
My father will be back in another two or three days.
もう一度見に行きたいですね。
Mou ichido mi ni ikitai desu ne.
I want to go and see it again.
もう一杯コーヒーを飲みたいですね。
Mou ippai koohii o nomitai desu ne.
I'd like to have another cup of coffee.
-> See also mada
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